The document/book as a form of curatorial creativity

This thesis discusses the document/book as an act of recording that can serve as a form for curatorial creativity. Firstly, it explores the document as a space in a hybrid analog and digital era. Then, it introduces concrete examples of how curating the gallery and the book has changed in the 20th and 21st centuries. It follows a critical analysis of society as one big accumulation of documents. It proposes the invention of writing as the base of our current digital spaces and the space of the book as architecture. In respect to the curatorial discourse, it focuses on Springer's proposition of engaging with the library in order to develop new ways of organizing, collecting, and reassembling information. The first chapter introduces Benjamin Bratton's diagram of "The Stack", which serves to explore the physical spaces of information, describing how the infrastructure of books has come to expand significantly from clay to paper, and now to the Cloud. It proposes the codex-book, a stack of paper sheets as an analogy of the stack through the example of artist Irfan Hendrian "Some Other Matter" exhibition. It also proposes the page—a place of inventory and invention— as the first virtual space of humanity. The second chapter discusses the library's primary functions of storage and retrievability —proposing the Library of Alexandria as the first information organization. Then comes back to an example of how the old model of the library can be used for creating a new display for the gallery as well as giving value to its collection through physical activation. Finally, it explores some of the invisible systems (covers, algorithms, tags) that are now building our digital libraries. The third chapter focuses on copy and print as essential tools for recording, preservation, and building collections. It introduces the history of mass digitization and the changes it has brought to analog documents. It also explores the space of digital and print through Kenneth Goldsmith's curatorial project that called out to print out all the internet. This example leads us to discuss the history of the A4-size paper sheet as the first completely standardize product. The fourth chapter presents the "neutral" containers —starting from the concept of the "gallery-book" proposed by Bernard Teyssendier as a place of movement, pleasure, and learning. It also explores architecture and design as curatorial infrastructure for exhibitions happening both in a gallery space and on a blank document. Finally, it creates a parallel between the white paper page and the white gallery wall as places of artistic intervention, which far from being invisible follow specific predefined structures. The fifth chapter focuses on presenting projects that propose new curated writing and reading contexts between the print and digital. Here, Brian O'Doherty's issue for "Aspen" magazine is proposed as proto-hypertext or as a premonition of the website. Then, the website-as-gallery concept is explored through the example of Kadist's "One Sentence Exhibition" project. This example leads to exploring the fragility and impermanence of the hyperlink, in contrast to its printed counterparts. The final chapter presents three projects that use the infrastructure of the book and the library as a curatorial agency —proposing new methods for curating information through collection, organization, and research. "Intercalations", a paginated exhibition series by Anna-Sophie Springer and Etienne Turpin; "MAP", a folded encyclopedia by the David A. Garcia architecture studio; and "Carte(s) Mémoire(s)" by ExposerPublier that proposes the exhibition as a moment of activation

May Measurement Month 2018: a pragmatic global screening campaign to raise awareness of blood pressure by the International Society of Hypertension

Aims Raised blood pressure (BP) is the biggest contributor to mortality and disease burden worldwide and fewer than half of those with hypertension are aware of it. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global campaign set up in 2017, to raise awareness of high BP and as a pragmatic solution to a lack of formal screening worldwide. The 2018 campaign was expanded, aiming to include more participants and countries. Methods and results Eighty-nine countries participated in MMM 2018. Volunteers (≥18 years) were recruited through opportunistic sampling at a variety of screening sites. Each participant had three BP measurements and completed a questionnaire on demographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication. In total, 74.9% of screenees provided three BP readings. Multiple imputation using chained equations was used to impute missing readings. 1 504 963 individuals (mean age 45.3 years; 52.4% female) were screened. After multiple imputation, 502 079 (33.4%) individuals had hypertension, of whom 59.5% were aware of their diagnosis and 55.3% were taking antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 60.0% were controlled and of all hypertensives, 33.2% were controlled. We detected 224 285 individuals with untreated hypertension and 111 214 individuals with inadequately treated (systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg) hypertension. Conclusion May Measurement Month expanded significantly compared with 2017, including more participants in more countries. The campaign identified over 335 000 adults with untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. In the absence of systematic screening programmes, MMM was effective at raising awareness at least among these individuals at risk

Velocity-space sensitivity of the time-of-flight neutron spectrometer at JET

The velocity-space sensitivities of fast-ion diagnostics are often described by so-called weight functions. Recently, we formulated weight functions showing the velocity-space sensitivity of the often dominant beam-target part of neutron energy spectra. These weight functions for neutron emission spectrometry (NES) are independent of the particular NES diagnostic. Here we apply these NES weight functions to the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR at JET. By taking the instrumental response function of TOFOR into account, we calculate time-of-flight NES weight functions that enable us to directly determine the velocity-space sensitivity of a given part of a measured time-of-flight spectrum from TOFOR

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Modelling of the effect of ELMs on fuel retention at the bulk W divertor of JET

Effect of ELMs on fuel retention at the bulk W target of JET ITER-Like Wall was studied with multi-scale calculations. Plasma input parameters were taken from ELMy H-mode plasma experiment. The energetic intra-ELM fuel particles get implanted and create near-surface defects up to depths of few tens of nm, which act as the main fuel trapping sites during ELMs. Clustering of implantation-induced vacancies were found to take place. The incoming flux of inter-ELM plasma particles increases the different filling levels of trapped fuel in defects. The temperature increase of the W target during the pulse increases the fuel detrapping rate. The inter-ELM fuel particle flux refills the partially emptied trapping sites and fills new sites. This leads to a competing effect on the retention and release rates of the implanted particles. At high temperatures the main retention appeared in larger vacancy clusters due to increased clustering rate